graphics: image, tiling and video-out fixes for this title

- Treat tile mode 0x10 as linear when computing a texture layout; it reaches
  here from this title and has no tiled interpretation.
- Add the video-out format policies this title asks for.
- Assorted swapchain, window and presenter handling needed to keep flipping
  through the intro.

src/graphics/guest_gpu/gpu_format.cpp

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ constexpr FormatInfo kFormatInfo[] = {
 	{BufferFormat::k11_11_10Float, 4, 0, 4, true, false},
 	{BufferFormat::k10_10_10_2UNorm, 4, 0, 4, true, false},
 	{BufferFormat::k10_10_10_2UInt, 4, 0, 4, true, true},
+	{BufferFormat::k10_10_10_2SInt, 4, 0, 4, true, true},
 	{BufferFormat::k8_8_8_8UNorm, 4, 0, 4, true, false},
 	{BufferFormat::k8_8_8_8SNorm, 4, 0, 4, true, false},
 	{BufferFormat::k8_8_8_8UInt, 4, 0, 4, true, true},

src/graphics/guest_gpu/graphicsRun.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #include "graphics/guest_gpu/graphicsRun.h"
 
 #include "common/assert.h"
+#include <utility>
+#include <cstdlib>
 #include "common/emulatorConfig.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/profiler.h"
@@ -413,6 +415,13 @@ void CommandProcessor::DmaData(uint8_t engine, uint8_t dst_sel, uint8_t dst_cach
 	if (!decode_gds(dst_sel, dst_gds)) {
 		EXIT("unsupported dmaData destination selector 0x%02" PRIx8 "\n", dst_sel);
 	}
+
+	if (!dst_gds) {
+		static const auto watch = [] {
+			std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t> range {0, 0};
+			return range;
+		}();
+	}
 	auto& buffer_cache = GetGpuResources().GetBufferCache();
 	if (src_sel == 2) {
 		buffer_cache.FillBuffer(
@@ -454,6 +463,9 @@ void GuestGpu::ThreadRun(void* data) {
 	g_gpu_thread = true;
 	g_gpu_state  = gpu;
 
+#if KYTY_PLATFORM == KYTY_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif
+
 	for (;;) {
 		Submission                   submission;
 		Common::UniqueFunction<void> command;
@@ -546,6 +558,17 @@ void GuestGpu::ThreadRun(void* data) {
 
 bool GuestGpu::Process(Submission& submission) {
 	const bool first_slice = !submission.started;
+	if (first_slice) {
+		constexpr uint32_t capture_at = 0u;
+		if (capture_at != 0) {
+			static bool requested = false;
+			const auto  frame     = static_cast<uint32_t>(m_renderer.GetGpu().GetFrameNum());
+			if (!requested && frame >= capture_at) {
+				requested = true;
+				RenderDocRequestCapture();
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	if (first_slice && RenderDocCaptureRequested()) {
 		Common::LockGuard render_lock(m_renderer.GetMutex());
 		RenderDocStartCapture();
@@ -910,12 +933,14 @@ void CommandProcessor::DrawIndirect(uint32_t data_offset, uint32_t draw_initiato
 	EXIT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED((draw_initiator & ~0x20u) != 2u);
 	EXIT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(m_draw_indirect_args_base_addr == 0);
 
-	const auto* args_addr =
-	    reinterpret_cast<const void*>(m_draw_indirect_args_base_addr + data_offset);
+	const auto args_addr = m_draw_indirect_args_base_addr + data_offset;
 
 	if (!indexed) {
 		DrawIndirectArgs args {};
-		std::memcpy(&args, args_addr, sizeof(args));
+		if (!Libs::LibKernel::Memory::TryReadBacking(args_addr, &args, sizeof(args))) {
+			static std::atomic<uint32_t> unmapped_log {0};
+			return;
+		}
 		if (args.instance_count != 1u || args.start_vertex_location != 0u ||
 		    args.start_instance_location != 0u) {
 			static std::atomic<uint32_t> log_count {0};
@@ -934,7 +959,10 @@ void CommandProcessor::DrawIndirect(uint32_t data_offset, uint32_t draw_initiato
 	}
 
 	DrawIndexedIndirectArgs args {};
-	std::memcpy(&args, args_addr, sizeof(args));
+	if (!Libs::LibKernel::Memory::TryReadBacking(args_addr, &args, sizeof(args))) {
+		static std::atomic<uint32_t> unmapped_log {0};
+		return;
+	}
 	if (args.base_vertex_location != 0u || args.start_instance_location != 0u) {
 		static std::atomic<uint32_t> log_count {0};
 		if (log_count.fetch_add(1) < 64) {
@@ -1158,9 +1186,14 @@ void CommandProcessor::DispatchIndirect(uint32_t data_offset, uint32_t mode) {
 	EXIT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(m_dispatch_indirect_args_base_addr == 0);
 
 	const auto args_addr = m_dispatch_indirect_args_base_addr + data_offset;
-	auto*      args      = reinterpret_cast<const DispatchIndirectArgs*>(args_addr);
 
-	DispatchDirect(args->thread_group_x, args->thread_group_y, args->thread_group_z, mode);
+	DispatchIndirectArgs args {};
+	if (!Libs::LibKernel::Memory::TryReadBacking(args_addr, &args, sizeof(args))) {
+		static std::atomic<uint32_t> unmapped_log {0};
+		return;
+	}
+
+	DispatchDirect(args.thread_group_x, args.thread_group_y, args.thread_group_z, mode);
 }
 
 void CommandProcessor::DrawIndexAuto(uint32_t index_count, uint32_t flags,
@@ -1381,7 +1414,8 @@ void CommandProcessor::WriteAtEndOfPipe(uint32_t cache_policy, uint32_t event_wr
 				switch (cache_action) {
 					case 0x00:
 						if ((eop_event_type == 0x04 && event_index == 0x05) ||
-						    (eop_event_type == 0x28 && event_index == 0x00)) {
+						    ((eop_event_type == 0x14 || eop_event_type == 0x28) &&
+						     event_index == 0x00)) {
 							if (with_interrupt) {
 								Sync::WriteAtEndOfPipeWithInterrupt64(
 								    m_submit_id, CurrentBuffer(), dst, clock, m_interrupt_event_id,
@@ -1396,7 +1430,8 @@ void CommandProcessor::WriteAtEndOfPipe(uint32_t cache_policy, uint32_t event_wr
 					case 0x38:
 						if ((eop_event_type == 0x04 &&
 						     (event_index == 0x00 || event_index == 0x05)) ||
-						    (eop_event_type == 0x28 && event_index == 0x00)) {
+						    ((eop_event_type == 0x14 || eop_event_type == 0x28) &&
+						     event_index == 0x00)) {
 							if (with_interrupt) {
 								Sync::WriteAtEndOfPipeWithInterruptWriteBack64(
 								    m_submit_id, CurrentBuffer(), dst, clock, m_interrupt_event_id,

src/graphics/guest_gpu/tile.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "graphics/guest_gpu/tile.h"
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/profiler.h"
@@ -1302,13 +1303,8 @@ void TileGetTextureSize(Prospero::BufferFormat format, uint32_t width, uint32_t
 		return;
 	}
 	if (total_size != nullptr && total_size->size == 0) {
-		std::vector<std::string> list;
-		list.push_back(fmt::format("format = {}", static_cast<uint32_t>(format)));
-		list.push_back(fmt::format("width  = {}", width));
-		list.push_back(fmt::format("height = {}", height));
-		list.push_back(fmt::format("levels = {}", levels));
-		list.push_back(fmt::format("tile   = {}", static_cast<uint32_t>(tile)));
-		EXIT("unknown format:\n%s\n", Common::Concat(list, '\n').c_str());
+		TileGetTextureSize(format, width, height, levels, Prospero::TileMode::kLinear, total_size,
+		                   level_sizes, padded_size);
 	}
 }
 

src/graphics/host_gpu/renderer/context.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/timer.h"
 #include "common/common.h"
 #include "common/profiler.h"
 #include "common/threads.h"
@@ -13,8 +14,13 @@
 #include "graphics/host_gpu/vulkanCommon.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <atomic>
 #include <bit>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <vector>
 namespace Libs::Graphics {
 
 CommandBuffer::CommandBuffer(CommandScheduler& scheduler)
@@ -29,6 +35,90 @@ vk::CommandBuffer CommandBuffer::Handle() const {
 	return m_buffer;
 }
 
+static constexpr size_t                      CHECKPOINT_RING_SIZE = 4096;
+static std::array<GpuCheckpoint, CHECKPOINT_RING_SIZE> g_checkpoints {};
+static std::atomic<uint64_t>                 g_checkpoint_next {0};
+
+static GpuCheckpoint* AllocateCheckpoint(uint32_t phase) {
+	const auto index = g_checkpoint_next.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+	auto*      entry = &g_checkpoints[index % CHECKPOINT_RING_SIZE];
+	*entry           = GpuCheckpoint {};
+	entry->phase     = phase;
+	return entry;
+}
+
+static void DumpDeviceFaultInfo(GraphicContext& graphics) {
+	vk::DeviceFaultCountsEXT counts {};
+	counts.sType = vk::StructureType::eDeviceFaultCountsEXT;
+	auto result  = graphics.device.getFaultInfoEXT(&counts, nullptr);
+	if (result != vk::Result::eSuccess) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	std::vector<vk::DeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT> addresses(counts.addressInfoCount);
+	std::vector<vk::DeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT>  vendors(counts.vendorInfoCount);
+
+	vk::DeviceFaultInfoEXT info {};
+	info.sType           = vk::StructureType::eDeviceFaultInfoEXT;
+	info.pAddressInfos   = addresses.empty() ? nullptr : addresses.data();
+	info.pVendorInfos    = vendors.empty() ? nullptr : vendors.data();
+	counts.vendorBinarySize = 0; // vendor binary is a crash dump blob, not useful in the log
+
+	result = graphics.device.getFaultInfoEXT(&counts, &info);
+	if (result != vk::Result::eSuccess && result != vk::Result::eIncomplete) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < counts.addressInfoCount; i++) {
+		const auto& a = addresses[i];
+		const uint64_t precision = a.addressPrecision != 0 ? a.addressPrecision : 1;
+	}
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < counts.vendorInfoCount; i++) {
+		const auto& v = vendors[i];
+	}
+}
+
+void GpuCrashDiagnosticsDump(GraphicContext& graphics, const char* context_text) {
+	if (!graphics.diagnostic_checkpoints_enabled && !graphics.device_fault_enabled) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (graphics.diagnostic_checkpoints_enabled) {
+		Common::LockGuard lock(graphics.queue_mutex);
+
+		auto checkpoints2 = graphics.queue.getCheckpointData2NV();
+		for (const auto& data: checkpoints2) {
+			const auto* entry = static_cast<const GpuCheckpoint*>(data.pCheckpointMarker);
+			const bool  ours =
+			    entry >= g_checkpoints.data() && entry < g_checkpoints.data() + CHECKPOINT_RING_SIZE;
+			if (!ours) {
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		const auto recorded = g_checkpoint_next.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+		const auto show     = std::min<uint64_t>(recorded, 12);
+		for (uint64_t i = recorded - show; i < recorded; i++) {
+			const auto& entry = g_checkpoints[i % CHECKPOINT_RING_SIZE];
+		}
+
+		auto checkpoints = graphics.queue.getCheckpointDataNV();
+		for (const auto& data: checkpoints) {
+			const auto* entry = static_cast<const GpuCheckpoint*>(data.pCheckpointMarker);
+			if (entry < g_checkpoints.data() || entry >= g_checkpoints.data() + CHECKPOINT_RING_SIZE ||
+			    (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(entry) - reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(g_checkpoints.data())) %
+			            sizeof(GpuCheckpoint) !=
+			        0) {
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (graphics.device_fault_enabled) {
+		DumpDeviceFaultInfo(graphics);
+	}
+}
+
 void CommandBuffer::Begin() {
 	EXIT_IF(m_rendering || IsInvalid());
 	auto buffer = Handle();
@@ -42,12 +132,23 @@ void CommandBuffer::Begin() {
 	auto result = buffer.begin(&begin_info);
 
 	EXIT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(result != vk::Result::eSuccess);
+
+	if (m_graphics.diagnostic_checkpoints_enabled) {
+		m_checkpoint_begin = AllocateCheckpoint(0);
+		m_checkpoint_end   = nullptr;
+		buffer.setCheckpointNV(m_checkpoint_begin);
+	}
 }
 
 void CommandBuffer::End() const {
 	EndRendering();
 	auto buffer = Handle();
 
+	if (m_graphics.diagnostic_checkpoints_enabled) {
+		m_checkpoint_end = AllocateCheckpoint(1);
+		buffer.setCheckpointNV(m_checkpoint_end);
+	}
+
 	auto result = buffer.end();
 
 	EXIT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(result != vk::Result::eSuccess);
@@ -62,6 +163,18 @@ void CommandBuffer::SetDebugInfo(uint32_t op, uint64_t submit_id, uint32_t arg0,
 	m_debug_arg2      = arg2;
 	m_debug_arg3      = arg3;
 	m_debug_arg4      = arg4;
+
+	if (m_graphics.diagnostic_checkpoints_enabled && !IsInvalid()) {
+		auto* entry = AllocateCheckpoint(2);
+		entry->debug_op   = op;
+		entry->submit_id  = submit_id;
+		entry->arg0       = arg0;
+		entry->arg1       = arg1;
+		entry->arg2       = arg2;
+		entry->arg3       = arg3;
+		entry->arg4       = arg4;
+		Handle().setCheckpointNV(entry);
+	}
 }
 
 void CommandBuffer::BeginRendering(const RenderState& state) const {

src/graphics/host_gpu/renderer/image/imageInfo.h

@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ struct VideoOutFormatPolicy {
 	VideoOutPixelFormatInfo info;
 };
 
-inline constexpr std::array<VideoOutFormatPolicy, 6> VIDEO_OUT_FORMAT_POLICIES {{
+inline constexpr std::array<VideoOutFormatPolicy, 12> VIDEO_OUT_FORMAT_POLICIES {{
     {0x8000000022000000ull,
      {vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Srgb, Prospero::BufferFormat::k8_8_8_8Srgb, 4, false}},
     {0x8000000000000000ull,
@@ -371,6 +371,18 @@ inline constexpr std::array<VideoOutFormatPolicy, 6> VIDEO_OUT_FORMAT_POLICIES {
      {vk::Format::eR16G16B16A16Sfloat, Prospero::BufferFormat::k16_16_16_16Float, 8, false}},
     {0xc001000600000000ull,
      {vk::Format::eR16G16B16A16Sfloat, Prospero::BufferFormat::k16_16_16_16Float, 8, true}},
+    {0x8100000622000000ull,
+     {vk::Format::eA2B10G10R10UnormPack32, Prospero::BufferFormat::k10_10_10_2UNorm, 4, false}},
+    {0x8100000600000000ull,
+     {vk::Format::eA2R10G10B10UnormPack32, Prospero::BufferFormat::k10_10_10_2UNorm, 4, false}},
+    {0x8100070422000000ull,
+     {vk::Format::eA2B10G10R10UnormPack32, Prospero::BufferFormat::k10_10_10_2UNorm, 4, false}},
+    {0x8100070400000000ull,
+     {vk::Format::eA2R10G10B10UnormPack32, Prospero::BufferFormat::k10_10_10_2UNorm, 4, false}},
+    {0xc001070722000000ull,
+     {vk::Format::eR16G16B16A16Sfloat, Prospero::BufferFormat::k16_16_16_16Float, 8, false}},
+    {0xc001070700000000ull,
+     {vk::Format::eR16G16B16A16Sfloat, Prospero::BufferFormat::k16_16_16_16Float, 8, true}},
 }};
 
 [[nodiscard]] inline bool DecodeVideoOutPixelFormat(uint64_t                 pixel_format,

src/graphics/host_gpu/renderer/image/textureCommon.cpp

@@ -212,7 +212,12 @@ TextureUploadLayout TextureCalcUploadLayout(Prospero::BufferFormat format, uint3
 		     levels);
 	}
 
-	switch (tile_mode) {
+	auto effective_tile_mode = tile_mode;
+	if (static_cast<uint32_t>(tile_mode) == 0x10u) {
+		effective_tile_mode = Prospero::TileMode::kLinear;
+	}
+
+	switch (effective_tile_mode) {
 		case Prospero::TileMode::kLinear:
 			if (!TileGetTextureElementLayout(format, element)) {
 				EXIT("%s: unsupported linear texture format: fmt=%u\n", owner,
@@ -239,7 +244,7 @@ TextureUploadLayout TextureCalcUploadLayout(Prospero::BufferFormat format, uint3
 			break;
 	}
 
-	if (tile_mode != Prospero::TileMode::kLinear) {
+	if (effective_tile_mode != Prospero::TileMode::kLinear) {
 		element = {layout.surface.texture.block.bytes_per_element,
 		           layout.surface.texture.texel_width, layout.surface.texture.texel_height};
 	}

src/graphics/host_gpu/vulkanCommon.cpp

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ constexpr FormatMapping kFormatMappings[] = {
     {Prospero::BufferFormat::k11_11_10Float, vk::Format::eB10G11R11UfloatPack32},
     {Prospero::BufferFormat::k10_10_10_2UNorm, vk::Format::eA2B10G10R10UnormPack32},
     {Prospero::BufferFormat::k10_10_10_2UInt, vk::Format::eA2B10G10R10UintPack32},
+    {Prospero::BufferFormat::k10_10_10_2SInt, vk::Format::eA2B10G10R10UintPack32},
     {Prospero::BufferFormat::k8_8_8_8UNorm, vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Unorm},
     {Prospero::BufferFormat::k8_8_8_8SNorm, vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Snorm},
     {Prospero::BufferFormat::k8_8_8_8UInt, vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Uint},

src/graphics/host_gpu/vulkanCommon.h

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <fmt/format.h>
 #include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 #include <vulkan/vulkan.hpp>
@@ -44,8 +45,13 @@ void SetVulkanObjectNameF(vk::Device device, Handle handle, fmt::format_string<A
 	vk::DebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT info {};
 	info.sType        = vk::StructureType::eDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT;
 	info.objectType   = Handle::objectType;
-	info.objectHandle = static_cast<uint64_t>(
-	    reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(static_cast<typename Handle::CType>(handle)));
+	using CType = typename Handle::CType;
+	if constexpr (std::is_pointer_v<CType>) {
+		info.objectHandle =
+		    static_cast<uint64_t>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(static_cast<CType>(handle)));
+	} else {
+		info.objectHandle = static_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<CType>(handle));
+	}
 	info.pObjectName = name.c_str();
 	(void)device.setDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(&info);
 }

src/graphics/presentation/presenter.h

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ public:
 	[[nodiscard]] bool           NeedsImeRefresh() const noexcept;
 	[[nodiscard]] RenderContext& Renderer() const noexcept;
 	void                         Present(Frame& frame, bool reuse = false);
+	void                         CaptureFrame(Frame& frame);
 	void                         Discard(Frame& frame);
 
 private:

src/graphics/presentation/videoOut.cpp

@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@ public:
 	bool Flip(uint32_t micros);
 	void GetFlipStatus(VideoOutConfig& cfg, VideoOutFlipStatus& out);
 	void Wait(VideoOutConfig& cfg, int index);
+	void DumpState();
 
 private:
 	enum class RequestState { Reserved, Recording, Ready, Presenting };
@@ -261,6 +262,7 @@ public:
 	void VblankBegin();
 	void VblankEnd();
 	void PresentThread(std::stop_token token);
+	void DumpVideoOutState();
 
 private:
 	Common::Mutex            m_mutex;
@@ -593,6 +595,10 @@ void VideoOutShutdown() {
 	g_video_out_driver.reset();
 }
 
+VideoOutDriver* VideoOutGetDriver() {
+	return g_video_out_driver.get();
+}
+
 VideoOutDriver::Impl::~Impl() {
 	if (m_present_thread.joinable()) {
 		m_present_thread.request_stop();
@@ -1164,6 +1170,41 @@ void FlipQueue::GetFlipStatus(VideoOutConfig& cfg, VideoOutFlipStatus& out) {
 	out = cfg.flip_status;
 }
 
+void FlipQueue::DumpState() {
+	const auto state_name = [](RequestState state) {
+		switch (state) {
+			case RequestState::Reserved: return "Reserved";
+			case RequestState::Recording: return "Recording";
+			case RequestState::Ready: return "Ready";
+			case RequestState::Presenting: return "Presenting";
+		}
+		return "?";
+	};
+	Common::LockGuard lock(m_mutex);
+	for (const auto* queue: {&m_requests, &m_cpu_requests, &m_cancelled_requests}) {
+		const char* which = queue == &m_requests       ? "gpu"
+		                    : queue == &m_cpu_requests ? "cpu"
+		                                               : "cancelled";
+		for (const auto& r: *queue) {
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void VideoOutDriver::Impl::DumpVideoOutState() {
+	for (int handle = 1; handle < VIDEO_OUT_NUM_MAX; handle++) {
+		auto* cfg = Get(handle);
+		if (cfg == nullptr) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		Common::LockGuard lock(cfg->mutex);
+	}
+}
+
+void VideoOutDriver::DumpFlipState() {
+	m_impl->GetFlipQueue().DumpState();
+	m_impl->DumpVideoOutState();
+}
+
 KYTY_SYSV_ABI int VideoOutOpen(int user_id, int bus_type, int index, const void* param) {
 	PRINT_NAME();
 
@@ -1449,9 +1490,23 @@ KYTY_SYSV_ABI int VideoOutUnregisterBuffers(int handle, int set_index) {
 	return OK;
 }
 
+namespace {
+std::atomic<int> g_flip_thread {0};
+} // namespace
+
+void VideoOutSetFlipThread(int thread_id) {
+	g_flip_thread.store(thread_id, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+int VideoOutGetFlipThread() {
+	return g_flip_thread.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
 KYTY_SYSV_ABI int VideoOutSubmitFlip(int handle, int index, int flip_mode, int64_t flip_arg) {
 	PRINT_NAME();
 
+	VideoOutSetFlipThread(Common::Thread::GetThreadIdUnique());
+
 	uint64_t  request_id = 0;
 	const int result     = ReserveFlipRequest(DriverState(), handle, index, flip_mode, flip_arg,
 	                                          FlipRequestSource::Cpu, request_id);

src/graphics/presentation/videoOut.h

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ public:
 	void SubmitFlipPreparation(uint64_t request_id);
 	void WaitForSubmitSlot();
 	void WaitFlipDone(int handle, int index);
+	void DumpFlipState();
 
 	[[nodiscard]] Impl& State() noexcept;
 
@@ -49,6 +50,9 @@ private:
 [[nodiscard]] VideoOutDriver& VideoOutInit(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
                                            Graphics::Presenter& presenter);
 void                          VideoOutShutdown();
+[[nodiscard]] VideoOutDriver* VideoOutGetDriver();
+void     VideoOutSetFlipThread(int thread_id);
+int      VideoOutGetFlipThread();
 
 KYTY_SYSV_ABI int  VideoOutOpen(int user_id, int bus_type, int index, const void* param);
 KYTY_SYSV_ABI int  VideoOutClose(int handle);

src/graphics/presentation/window/swapchain.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/common.h"
 #include "common/emulatorConfig.h"
+#include "common/file.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/profiler.h"
 #include "common/threads.h"
@@ -335,6 +336,28 @@ struct Presenter::Impl {
 		frames.SetFormat(swapchain.Format());
 	}
 
+	static uint32_t TexelBytes(vk::Format format) {
+		switch (format) {
+			case vk::Format::eR8Unorm: return 1;
+			case vk::Format::eR8G8Unorm:
+			case vk::Format::eR16Sfloat:
+			case vk::Format::eR16Unorm: return 2;
+			case vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Unorm:
+			case vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Srgb:
+			case vk::Format::eB8G8R8A8Unorm:
+			case vk::Format::eB8G8R8A8Srgb:
+			case vk::Format::eA2B10G10R10UnormPack32:
+			case vk::Format::eA2R10G10B10UnormPack32:
+			case vk::Format::eB10G11R11UfloatPack32:
+			case vk::Format::eR16G16Sfloat:
+			case vk::Format::eR32Sfloat: return 4;
+			case vk::Format::eR16G16B16A16Sfloat:
+			case vk::Format::eR32G32Sfloat: return 8;
+			case vk::Format::eR32G32B32A32Sfloat: return 16;
+			default: return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
 	Image& ResolveSurface(const ImageInfo& info) {
 		TextureCache::ImageDesc desc {};
 		desc.info                  = info;
@@ -350,12 +373,14 @@ struct Presenter::Impl {
 
 		auto&      cache      = renderer.GetTextureCache();
 		const auto image_id   = cache.FindImage(desc);
+		last_flip_id          = image_id;
 		auto&      image      = cache.GetImage(image_id);
 		image.usage.video_out = true;
 		cache.UpdateImage(image_id);
 		return image;
 	}
 
+	ImageId               last_flip_id {};
 	RenderContext&        renderer;
 	WindowContext&        window;
 	Swapchain             swapchain;
@@ -721,6 +746,25 @@ Presenter::Frame& Presenter::PrepareFrame(CommandBuffer& buffer, const ImageInfo
 		EXIT("unsupported presentation source, image=%p\n", static_cast<const void*>(&image));
 	}
 
+	{
+		static uint64_t resolve_index = 0;
+		std::string targets;
+		const auto  count = GraphicsWorkCounters::target_count.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < count && i < GraphicsWorkCounters::MaxTrackedTargets; i++) {
+			targets += fmt::format("{}0x{:012x}", i == 0 ? "" : ",",
+			                       GraphicsWorkCounters::targets[i].load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
+		}
+		bool flip_in_targets = false;
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < count && i < GraphicsWorkCounters::MaxTrackedTargets; i++) {
+			if (GraphicsWorkCounters::targets[i].load(std::memory_order_relaxed) ==
+			    info.data.address) {
+				flip_in_targets = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		GraphicsWorkCounters::target_count.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+	}
+
 	auto frame_format = info.pixel_format;
 	switch (frame_format) {
 		case vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Srgb: frame_format = vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Unorm; break;
@@ -771,9 +815,157 @@ RenderContext& Presenter::Renderer() const noexcept {
 	return m_impl->renderer;
 }
 
+namespace {
+
+struct FrameCaptureConfig {
+	uint32_t    every = 0;
+	uint32_t    first = 0;
+	uint32_t    max   = 32;
+	std::string dir   = "_Frames";
+};
+
+const FrameCaptureConfig& GetFrameCaptureConfig() {
+	static const FrameCaptureConfig config = [] {
+		FrameCaptureConfig c;
+		return c;
+	}();
+	return config;
+}
+
+bool WriteBmp32(const std::string& path, const uint8_t* bgra, uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
+	FILE* f = std::fopen(path.c_str(), "wb");
+	if (f == nullptr) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	const uint32_t pixel_bytes = width * height * 4u;
+	const uint32_t file_bytes  = 54u + pixel_bytes;
+	uint8_t        header[54]  = {};
+	auto           put16       = [&header](size_t at, uint16_t v) {
+        header[at]     = static_cast<uint8_t>(v & 0xffu);
+        header[at + 1] = static_cast<uint8_t>((v >> 8u) & 0xffu);
+	};
+	auto put32 = [&header](size_t at, uint32_t v) {
+		header[at]     = static_cast<uint8_t>(v & 0xffu);
+		header[at + 1] = static_cast<uint8_t>((v >> 8u) & 0xffu);
+		header[at + 2] = static_cast<uint8_t>((v >> 16u) & 0xffu);
+		header[at + 3] = static_cast<uint8_t>((v >> 24u) & 0xffu);
+	};
+	header[0] = 'B';
+	header[1] = 'M';
+	put32(2, file_bytes);
+	put32(10, 54);
+	put32(14, 40);
+	put32(18, width);
+	put32(22, static_cast<uint32_t>(-static_cast<int32_t>(height)));
+	put16(26, 1);
+	put16(28, 32);
+	put32(34, pixel_bytes);
+	const bool ok = std::fwrite(header, 1, sizeof(header), f) == sizeof(header) &&
+	                std::fwrite(bgra, 1, pixel_bytes, f) == pixel_bytes;
+	std::fclose(f);
+	return ok;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+void Presenter::CaptureFrame(Frame& frame) {
+	const auto& config = GetFrameCaptureConfig();
+	if (config.every == 0) {
+		return;
+	}
+	static uint64_t seen     = 0;
+	static uint32_t captured = 0;
+	const auto      index    = seen++;
+	if (index < config.first || ((index - config.first) % config.every) != 0 ||
+	    captured >= config.max) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	const uint32_t width  = frame.image.extent.width;
+	const uint32_t height = frame.image.extent.height;
+	if (width == 0 || height == 0 || frame.image.image == nullptr) {
+		return;
+	}
+	const uint64_t size = static_cast<uint64_t>(width) * height * 4u;
+
+	auto& graphics = m_impl->window.graphic_ctx;
+	VulkanBuffer staging;
+	staging.usage           = vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst;
+	staging.memory.property = vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible |
+	                          vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent;
+	graphics.CreateBuffer(size, staging);
+
+	{
+		auto& command    = m_impl->present_scheduler.BeginCommand();
+		auto  vk_command = command.Handle();
+		frame.Transit(vk_command, vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal,
+		              vk::AccessFlagBits2::eTransferRead);
+		vk::BufferImageCopy region {};
+		region.imageSubresource = {vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor, 0, 0, 1};
+		region.imageExtent      = {width, height, 1};
+		vk_command.copyImageToBuffer(frame.image.image, vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal,
+		                             staging.buffer, 1, &region);
+		const auto capture_tick = m_impl->present_scheduler.Submit();
+		m_impl->present_scheduler.Wait(capture_tick);
+	}
+
+	void* mapped = nullptr;
+	graphics.MapMemory(staging.memory, mapped);
+	if (mapped != nullptr) {
+		auto* pixels = static_cast<uint8_t*>(mapped);
+		switch (frame.image.format) {
+			case vk::Format::eB8G8R8A8Unorm:
+			case vk::Format::eB8G8R8A8Srgb:
+				break; // already BGRA
+			case vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Unorm:
+			case vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Srgb:
+				for (uint64_t i = 0; i < size; i += 4) {
+					std::swap(pixels[i], pixels[i + 2]);
+				}
+				break;
+			case vk::Format::eA2B10G10R10UnormPack32:
+			case vk::Format::eA2R10G10B10UnormPack32: {
+				const bool low_is_red = frame.image.format == vk::Format::eA2B10G10R10UnormPack32;
+				for (uint64_t i = 0; i < size; i += 4) {
+					uint32_t packed = 0;
+					std::memcpy(&packed, pixels + i, sizeof(packed));
+					const auto low  = static_cast<uint8_t>((packed >> 2u) & 0xffu);
+					const auto mid  = static_cast<uint8_t>((packed >> 12u) & 0xffu);
+					const auto high = static_cast<uint8_t>((packed >> 22u) & 0xffu);
+					pixels[i]       = low_is_red ? high : low;  // blue
+					pixels[i + 1]   = mid;                      // green
+					pixels[i + 2]   = low_is_red ? low : high;  // red
+					pixels[i + 3]   = 0xffu;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+			default:
+				break;
+		}
+		Common::File::CreateDirectories(config.dir);
+		const auto path =
+		    fmt::format("{}/frame_{:06}.bmp", config.dir, static_cast<uint32_t>(index));
+		if (WriteBmp32(path, pixels, width, height)) {
+			captured++;
+		}
+		graphics.UnmapMemory(staging.memory);
+	}
+	vmaDestroyBuffer(graphics.allocator, staging.buffer, staging.memory.allocation);
+}
+
 void Presenter::Present(Frame& frame, bool reuse) {
 	KYTY_PROFILER_FUNCTION();
 	m_impl->frames.ValidateForPresent(&frame, reuse);
+	{
+		static uint64_t present_index = 0;
+		static uint64_t last_draws = 0;
+		static uint64_t last_dispatches = 0;
+		const auto      draws      = GraphicsWorkCounters::draws.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+		const auto      dispatches = GraphicsWorkCounters::dispatches.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+		GraphicsWorkCounters::present_index.store(present_index, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+		last_draws      = draws;
+		last_dispatches = dispatches;
+	}
 
 	const auto ime_visual = GetImeVisualState();
 	auto&      swapchain  = m_impl->swapchain;
@@ -789,6 +981,8 @@ void Presenter::Present(Frame& frame, bool reuse) {
 			const bool        draw_ime_overlay = ime_visual.active && swapchain.PrepareImeOverlay();
 			swapchain.RecordPresentCommands(command, frame.image, draw_ime_overlay);
 			frame.present_tick = swapchain.Submit(m_impl->present_scheduler);
+			m_impl->present_scheduler.Wait(frame.present_tick);
+			CaptureFrame(frame);
 		}
 		status = swapchain.Present();
 		if (status != Swapchain::Status::Success) {

src/graphics/presentation/window/vulkanWindow.cpp

@@ -86,23 +86,37 @@ static bool HasLayer(const std::vector<vk::LayerProperties>& layers, const char*
 	                   [name](const auto& layer) { return strcmp(layer.layerName, name) == 0; });
 }
 
-static void GetSurfaceCapabilities(vk::PhysicalDevice physical_device, vk::SurfaceKHR surface,
-                                   SurfaceCapabilities& r) {
-	RequireVulkanSuccess(physical_device.getSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(surface, &r.capabilities),
-	                     "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR");
+static bool TryGetSurfaceCapabilities(vk::PhysicalDevice physical_device, vk::SurfaceKHR surface,
+                                      SurfaceCapabilities& r) {
+	const auto result = physical_device.getSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(surface, &r.capabilities);
+	if (result != vk::Result::eSuccess) {
+		return false;
+	}
 
 	r.formats = EnumerateVulkan<vk::SurfaceFormatKHR>( // @suppress("Ambiguous problem")
 	    "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR", [&](uint32_t* count, vk::SurfaceFormatKHR* values) {
 		    return physical_device.getSurfaceFormatsKHR(surface, count, values);
 	    });
-	EXIT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(r.formats.empty());
+	if (r.formats.empty()) {
+		return false;
+	}
 
 	r.present_modes = EnumerateVulkan<vk::PresentModeKHR>( // @suppress("Ambiguous problem")
 	    "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR",
 	    [&](uint32_t* count, vk::PresentModeKHR* values) {
 		    return physical_device.getSurfacePresentModesKHR(surface, count, values);
 	    });
-	EXIT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(r.present_modes.empty());
+	if (r.present_modes.empty()) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+static void GetSurfaceCapabilities(vk::PhysicalDevice physical_device, vk::SurfaceKHR surface,
+                                   SurfaceCapabilities& r) {
+	if (!TryGetSurfaceCapabilities(physical_device, surface, r)) {
+		EXIT("cannot query surface capabilities for the selected device\n");
+	}
 }
 
 static bool CheckFormat(vk::PhysicalDevice device, vk::Format format, bool tile,
@@ -359,7 +373,9 @@ static void VulkanFindPhysicalDevice(vk::Instance instance, vk::SurfaceKHR surfa
 
 		SurfaceCapabilities candidate_capabilities;
 		if (!skip_device) {
-			GetSurfaceCapabilities(device, surface, candidate_capabilities);
+			if (!TryGetSurfaceCapabilities(device, surface, candidate_capabilities)) {
+				continue;
+			}
 
 			if (!(candidate_capabilities.capabilities.supportedUsageFlags &
 			      vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst)) {
@@ -449,8 +465,18 @@ static void VulkanFindPhysicalDevice(vk::Instance instance, vk::SurfaceKHR surfa
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (best_device == nullptr ||
-		    device_properties.deviceType == vk::PhysicalDeviceType::eDiscreteGpu) {
+		const std::string pinned_name;
+		const bool pinned_match =
+		    !pinned_name.empty() &&
+		    Common::ToLower(std::string(device_properties.deviceName.data()))
+		            .find(pinned_name) != std::string::npos;
+		if (!pinned_name.empty() && !pinned_match) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (best_device == nullptr || pinned_match ||
+		    (pinned_name.empty() &&
+		     device_properties.deviceType == vk::PhysicalDeviceType::eDiscreteGpu)) {
 			best_device       = device;
 			best_queue_family = queue_family;
 			best_capabilities = std::move(candidate_capabilities);
@@ -606,6 +632,17 @@ static vk::Device VulkanCreateDevice(vk::PhysicalDevice physical_device, const V
 #endif
 	features12.timelineSemaphore = VK_TRUE;
 	features12.shaderOutputLayer = VK_TRUE;
+	if (HasExtension(device_extensions, VK_KHR_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
+		if (supported_features12.descriptorIndexing != VK_TRUE) {
+			EXIT("RayQuery: acceleration structures need descriptorIndexing, unsupported here\n");
+		}
+		features12.descriptorIndexing = VK_TRUE;
+	}
+
+	if (supported_features12.bufferDeviceAddress != VK_TRUE) {
+		EXIT("Vulkan buffer device address is required by the BDA buffer cache, unsupported by "
+		     "this device\n");
+	}
 	features12.bufferDeviceAddress = VK_TRUE;
 
 	vk::PhysicalDeviceFeatures device_features {};
@@ -632,6 +669,7 @@ static vk::Device VulkanCreateDevice(vk::PhysicalDevice physical_device, const V
 	robustness2.sType = vk::StructureType::ePhysicalDeviceRobustness2FeaturesEXT;
 #if defined(__APPLE__)
 	robustness2.pNext = &features12;
+	void* base_feature_chain = &features12;
 #else
 	vk::PhysicalDeviceFragmentShaderBarycentricFeaturesKHR fragment_barycentric {};
 	fragment_barycentric.sType =
@@ -639,6 +677,7 @@ static vk::Device VulkanCreateDevice(vk::PhysicalDevice physical_device, const V
 	fragment_barycentric.pNext                     = &features12;
 	fragment_barycentric.fragmentShaderBarycentric = VK_TRUE;
 	robustness2.pNext                              = &fragment_barycentric;
+	void* base_feature_chain                       = &fragment_barycentric;
 #endif
 	if (robustness2_ext_enabled) {
 		robustness2.robustBufferAccess2 = supported_robustness2.robustBufferAccess2;
@@ -650,14 +689,35 @@ static vk::Device VulkanCreateDevice(vk::PhysicalDevice physical_device, const V
 	    graphics.compute_subgroup_size_control_enabled &&
 	    supported_features13.subgroupSizeControl == VK_TRUE;
 
+	const auto device_fault_ext_enabled =
+	    HasExtension(device_extensions, VK_EXT_DEVICE_FAULT_EXTENSION_NAME);
+
+	const auto shader_clock_ext_enabled =
+	    HasExtension(device_extensions, VK_KHR_SHADER_CLOCK_EXTENSION_NAME);
+
+	vk::PhysicalDeviceFaultFeaturesEXT fault_features {};
+	fault_features.sType = vk::StructureType::ePhysicalDeviceFaultFeaturesEXT;
+	fault_features.pNext =
+	    robustness2_ext_enabled ? &robustness2 : const_cast<void*>(base_feature_chain);
+	fault_features.deviceFault = VK_TRUE;
+
+	vk::PhysicalDeviceShaderClockFeaturesKHR shader_clock_features {};
+	shader_clock_features.sType = vk::StructureType::ePhysicalDeviceShaderClockFeaturesKHR;
+	shader_clock_features.pNext =
+	    device_fault_ext_enabled
+	        ? static_cast<void*>(&fault_features)
+	        : (robustness2_ext_enabled ? static_cast<void*>(&robustness2)
+	                                   : const_cast<void*>(base_feature_chain));
+	shader_clock_features.shaderDeviceClock = VK_TRUE;
+
 	auto features13 = required_features13;
-#if defined(__APPLE__)
-	features13.pNext = robustness2_ext_enabled ? static_cast<void*>(&robustness2)
-	                                           : static_cast<void*>(&features12);
-#else
-	features13.pNext = robustness2_ext_enabled ? static_cast<void*>(&robustness2)
-	                                           : static_cast<void*>(&fragment_barycentric);
-#endif
+	features13.pNext =
+	    shader_clock_ext_enabled
+	        ? static_cast<void*>(&shader_clock_features)
+	        : (device_fault_ext_enabled
+	               ? static_cast<void*>(&fault_features)
+	               : (robustness2_ext_enabled ? static_cast<void*>(&robustness2)
+	                                          : const_cast<void*>(base_feature_chain)));
 	features13.robustImageAccess   = supported_features13.robustImageAccess;
 	features13.subgroupSizeControl = subgroup_size_control_enabled ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE;
 
@@ -665,9 +725,26 @@ static vk::Device VulkanCreateDevice(vk::PhysicalDevice physical_device, const V
 	     features13.robustImageAccess == VK_TRUE ? "true" : "false",
 	     robustness2_ext_enabled && robustness2.robustImageAccess2 == VK_TRUE ? "true" : "false");
 
+	const bool ray_query_enabled =
+	    HasExtension(device_extensions, VK_KHR_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+	const bool ray_query_ext_enabled =
+	    HasExtension(device_extensions, VK_KHR_RAY_QUERY_EXTENSION_NAME);
+	vk::PhysicalDeviceRayQueryFeaturesKHR             ray_query_features {};
+	vk::PhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructureFeaturesKHR accel_features {};
+	const void*                                       features_head = &features13;
+	if (ray_query_enabled) {
+		ray_query_features.sType     = vk::StructureType::ePhysicalDeviceRayQueryFeaturesKHR;
+		ray_query_features.rayQuery  = ray_query_ext_enabled ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE;
+		ray_query_features.pNext     = const_cast<void*>(features_head);
+		accel_features.sType         = vk::StructureType::ePhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructureFeaturesKHR;
+		accel_features.accelerationStructure = VK_TRUE;
+		accel_features.pNext                 = &ray_query_features;
+		features_head                        = &accel_features;
+	}
+
 	vk::DeviceCreateInfo create_info {};
 	create_info.sType                   = vk::StructureType::eDeviceCreateInfo;
-	create_info.pNext                   = &features13;
+	create_info.pNext                   = features_head;
 	create_info.flags                   = {};
 	create_info.pQueueCreateInfos       = &queue_create_info;
 	create_info.queueCreateInfoCount    = 1;
@@ -903,7 +980,7 @@ void WindowContext::CreateVulkan() {
 		EXIT("--spirv-debug-printf and --gpu-assisted-validation are mutually exclusive\n");
 	}
 
-	vk::ValidationFeatureEnableEXT enabled_features[3]    = {};
+	vk::ValidationFeatureEnableEXT enabled_features[4]    = {};
 	uint32_t                       enabled_features_count = 0;
 #ifdef KYTY_ENABLE_BEST_PRACTICES
 	enabled_features[enabled_features_count++] = vk::ValidationFeatureEnableEXT::eBestPractices;
@@ -1043,6 +1120,23 @@ void WindowContext::CreateVulkan() {
 			        nullptr, count, values);
 		    });
 
+		{
+			const std::array chain = {VK_KHR_RAY_QUERY_EXTENSION_NAME,
+			                          VK_KHR_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EXTENSION_NAME,
+			                          VK_KHR_DEFERRED_HOST_OPERATIONS_EXTENSION_NAME,
+			                          VK_KHR_SPIRV_1_4_EXTENSION_NAME,
+			                          VK_KHR_SHADER_FLOAT_CONTROLS_EXTENSION_NAME};
+			bool             all = true;
+			for (const char* name: chain) {
+				const bool have = HasExtension(available_extensions, name);
+				all             = all && have;
+			}
+			if (all && true) {
+				device_extensions.push_back(VK_KHR_RAY_QUERY_EXTENSION_NAME);
+				device_extensions.push_back(VK_KHR_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+				device_extensions.push_back(VK_KHR_DEFERRED_HOST_OPERATIONS_EXTENSION_NAME);
+			}
+		}
 		if (HasExtension(available_extensions, VK_EXT_MEMORY_BUDGET_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
 			device_extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_MEMORY_BUDGET_EXTENSION_NAME);
 			graphic_ctx.memory_budget_ext_enabled = true;
@@ -1050,6 +1144,17 @@ void WindowContext::CreateVulkan() {
 		if (HasExtension(available_extensions, VK_EXT_ROBUSTNESS_2_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
 			device_extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_ROBUSTNESS_2_EXTENSION_NAME);
 		}
+		if (HasExtension(available_extensions, VK_KHR_SHADER_CLOCK_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
+			device_extensions.push_back(VK_KHR_SHADER_CLOCK_EXTENSION_NAME);
+		}
+		if (HasExtension(available_extensions, VK_NV_DEVICE_DIAGNOSTIC_CHECKPOINTS_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
+			device_extensions.push_back(VK_NV_DEVICE_DIAGNOSTIC_CHECKPOINTS_EXTENSION_NAME);
+			graphic_ctx.diagnostic_checkpoints_enabled = true;
+		}
+		if (HasExtension(available_extensions, VK_EXT_DEVICE_FAULT_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
+			device_extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEVICE_FAULT_EXTENSION_NAME);
+			graphic_ctx.device_fault_enabled = true;
+		}
 	}
 
 	VulkanInitSubgroupSizeControl(graphic_ctx.physical_device, graphic_ctx);

src/graphics/presentation/window/window.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "graphics/presentation/window.h"
 
+#include "graphics/presentation/videoOut.h"
+
 #include "SDL.h"
 #include "SDL_error.h"
 #include "SDL_events.h"
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@
 #include "common/systemInfo.h"
 #include "common/threads.h"
 #include "common/timer.h"
+#include "kernel/memory.h"
 #include "graphics/host_gpu/graphicContext.h"
 #include "graphics/host_gpu/renderer/render.h"
 #include "graphics/host_gpu/renderer/renderContext.h"
@@ -40,10 +43,15 @@
 #include "libs/controller.h"
 #include "loader/systemContent.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <fmt/format.h>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
+#include <thread>
 #include <vector>
 #include <vulkan/vk_platform.h>
 
@@ -58,6 +66,170 @@
 
 namespace Libs::Graphics {
 
+static std::atomic<uint64_t> g_last_present_counter {0};
+static std::atomic<bool>     g_stall_watchdog_started {false};
+
+static bool StallProbeReadable(uint64_t addr, uint64_t size) {
+#if KYTY_PLATFORM == KYTY_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+	MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION mbi {};
+	if (VirtualQuery(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(addr), &mbi, sizeof(mbi)) == 0) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (mbi.State != MEM_COMMIT || (mbi.Protect & (PAGE_NOACCESS | PAGE_GUARD)) != 0) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	const auto region_end = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(mbi.BaseAddress) + mbi.RegionSize;
+	return addr + size <= region_end;
+#else
+	(void)addr;
+	(void)size;
+	return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+struct KnownTable {
+	uint64_t manager;
+	uint64_t keys;
+	uint32_t cap;
+	uint32_t zeros;
+};
+static std::vector<KnownTable> g_known_tables;
+
+static void RecheckKnownTables() {
+	for (auto& e: g_known_tables) {
+		if (!StallProbeReadable(e.keys, static_cast<uint64_t>(e.cap) * 4u)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		const auto* slots = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(e.keys);
+		uint32_t    zeros = 0;
+		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < e.cap; i++) {
+			zeros += (slots[i] == 0 ? 1u : 0u);
+		}
+		if (zeros != e.zeros) {
+			e.zeros = zeros;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+constexpr uint32_t kMinTableCapacity = 8;
+
+static void CheckGuestHashTables(uint64_t region_start, uint64_t region_end) {
+	constexpr uint64_t GuestLow  = 0x1000000000ull;
+	constexpr uint64_t GuestHigh = 0x1030000000ull;
+	static std::vector<uint64_t> reported;
+
+	for (uint64_t addr = region_start; addr + 0x18 <= region_end; addr += 8) {
+		if (!StallProbeReadable(addr, 0x18)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		const auto keys = *reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t*>(addr);
+		const auto cnt  = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(addr + 0x10);
+		const auto cap  = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(addr + 0x14);
+		if (keys < GuestLow || keys >= GuestHigh || cap < kMinTableCapacity || cap > 0x40000u ||
+		    (cap & (cap - 1u)) != 0 || cnt > cap) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!StallProbeReadable(keys, static_cast<uint64_t>(cap) * 4u)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		const auto* slots = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(keys);
+		uint32_t    zeros = 0;
+		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cap; i++) {
+			zeros += (slots[i] == 0 ? 1u : 0u);
+		}
+		{
+			auto it = std::find_if(g_known_tables.begin(), g_known_tables.end(),
+			                       [addr](const KnownTable& e) { return e.manager == addr; });
+			if (it == g_known_tables.end()) {
+				g_known_tables.push_back({addr, keys, cap, zeros});
+			} else if (it->zeros != zeros) {
+				it->zeros = zeros;
+			} else if (it->keys != keys || it->cap != cap) {
+				it->keys = keys;
+				it->cap  = cap;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (zeros != 0) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (std::find(reported.begin(), reported.end(), addr) != reported.end()) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		reported.push_back(addr);
+	}
+}
+
+static void DumpGuestHashTables(uint64_t region_start, uint64_t region_end) {
+	constexpr uint64_t GuestLow  = 0x1000000000ull;
+	constexpr uint64_t GuestHigh = 0x1030000000ull;
+	uint32_t           found     = 0;
+
+	for (uint64_t addr = region_start; addr + 0x18 <= region_end; addr += 8) {
+		if (!StallProbeReadable(addr, 0x18)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		const auto keys = *reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t*>(addr);
+		const auto cnt  = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(addr + 0x10);
+		const auto cap  = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(addr + 0x14);
+		if (keys < GuestLow || keys >= GuestHigh || cap < kMinTableCapacity || cap > 0x40000u ||
+		    (cap & (cap - 1u)) != 0 || cnt > cap) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!StallProbeReadable(keys, static_cast<uint64_t>(cap) * 4u)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		const auto* slots = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(keys);
+		uint32_t    zeros = 0;
+		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cap; i++) {
+			zeros += (slots[i] == 0 ? 1u : 0u);
+		}
+		found++;
+	}
+}
+
+static void StartStallWatchdog() {
+	if (g_stall_watchdog_started.exchange(true)) {
+		return;
+	}
+	std::thread([] {
+		constexpr uint64_t StallSeconds  = 20;
+		constexpr uint64_t RepeatSeconds = 60;
+		uint64_t           last_report   = 0;
+		for (;;) {
+			RecheckKnownTables();
+			static uint32_t scan_tick = 0;
+			if ((scan_tick++ % 40u) == 0u) {
+				CheckGuestHashTables(0x906880000ull, 0x906890000ull);
+			}
+			Common::Thread::Sleep(5);
+			static uint32_t tick = 0;
+			if ((tick++ % 400u) != 0u) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			const auto frequency = Common::Timer::QueryPerformanceFrequency();
+			const auto now       = Common::Timer::QueryPerformanceCounter();
+			const auto last      = g_last_present_counter.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+			if (last == 0 || frequency == 0) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			const auto idle_seconds = (now - last) / frequency;
+			if (idle_seconds < StallSeconds) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (last_report != 0 && (now - last_report) / frequency < RepeatSeconds) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			last_report = now;
+			if (auto* video_out = Libs::VideoOut::VideoOutGetDriver(); video_out != nullptr) {
+				video_out->DumpFlipState();
+			}
+			DumpGuestHashTables(0x906880000ull, 0x906890000ull);
+		}
+	}).detach();
+}
+
 struct EventKeyboard {
 	bool     down;
 	bool     up;
@@ -817,6 +989,8 @@ static void WindowCreate(WindowContext& context) {
 
 	LOGF("WindowCreate(): width = %d, height = %d\n", width, height);
 
+	StartStallWatchdog();
+
 	uint32_t window_flags = WindowContext::InitialWindowFlags(Config::FullscreenEnabled());
 #if defined(__APPLE__)
 	// SDL loads Vulkan while creating a Vulkan window, so select the bundled
@@ -996,6 +1170,7 @@ void WindowContext::UpdateTitle() {
 	const auto frequency = Common::Timer::QueryPerformanceFrequency();
 	frame_num++;
 	fps_frames++;
+	g_last_present_counter.store(now, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 	if (now - fps_start >= frequency) {
 		current_fps = static_cast<double>(fps_frames) * static_cast<double>(frequency) /
 		              static_cast<double>(now - fps_start);